What is the primary cause of toxicity associated with nitroprusside in the ICU?

What is the primary cause of toxicity associated with nitroprusside in the ICU?

• A. Accumulation of thiosulfate and cyanide
• B. Formation of cyanmethemoglobin
• C. Inactivation of cytochrome oxidase
• D. Production of thiocyanate

Answer: (C)

The primary cause of toxicity associated with nitroprusside in the ICU is related to the formation of cyanmethemoglobin. Nitroprusside, a potent vasodilator, releases cyanide during metabolism. Cyanide binds to hemoglobin to form cyanmethemoglobin, which decreases the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity and affects cellular respiration. As a result, tissues are deprived of oxygen, leading to potential toxicity, particularly in cases of prolonged infusion or high doses of nitroprusside. Understanding this mechanism is crucial, as it highlights why monitoring and management of patients receiving nitroprusside is essential to avoid severe adverse effects related to cyanide toxicity. While other choices involve factors related to the nitroprusside metabolism and its effects, they are not the primary cause of toxicity in the clinical setting.

The primary cause of toxicity associated with nitroprusside in the ICU is related to the formation of cyanmethemoglobin. Nitroprusside, a potent vasodilator, releases cyanide during metabolism. Cyanide binds to hemoglobin to form cyanmethemoglobin, which decreases the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity and affects cellular respiration. As a result, tissues are deprived of oxygen, leading to potential toxicity, particularly in cases of prolonged infusion or high doses of nitroprusside.

Understanding this mechanism is crucial, as it highlights why monitoring and management of patients receiving nitroprusside is essential to avoid severe adverse effects related to cyanide toxicity. While other choices involve factors related to the nitroprusside metabolism and its effects, they are not the primary cause of toxicity in the clinical setting.